📝 🔧🌐 Decision-Making with if-else Statements in Python

📝 🔧🌐 Decision-Making with `if-else` Statements in Python#

If-Else

⚙️ Theme: Monitoring an Industrial HVAC System#

In this lecture, we’ll explore how if-else statements in Python can be used to manage decision-making for a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in an industrial setting.

HVAC systems need to:

Maintain safe temperature ranges.
Control humidity levels.
Alert operators about malfunctions.
Optimize energy consumption.

🧐 What Are `if-else` Statements?#

if-else statements allow Python programs to make decisions based on conditions.

Syntax Breakdown#

if condition:
    # Code block executed if condition is True
elif another_condition:  # Optional
    # Code block executed if the `elif` condition is True
else:  # Optional
    # Code block executed if no conditions are True

  Cell In[1], line 3
    elif another_condition:  # Optional
    ^
IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line 1

if: Evaluates the first condition.
elif: Evaluates additional conditions if the previous ones are False.
else: Executes when none of the above conditions are True.
Indentation: Python uses indentation to define blocks of code. Consistent spacing is crucial.

🤔 Why `if-else` in HVAC Systems?#

HVAC systems rely on decision-making to:

Adjust temperature settings based on sensor data.
Trigger alarms for dangerous conditions.
Automatically switch between heating and cooling modes.

Python’s if-else provides a simple yet powerful way to implement this logic.

🛠 Basic Example#

Let’s start with a simple example: Monitor if the room temperature is within a safe range.

# Temperature limits
min_temp = 18  # Minimum safe temperature in Celsius
max_temp = 24  # Maximum safe temperature in Celsius

# Current room temperature
current_temp = 22

# Check temperature range
if current_temp < min_temp:
    print("Warning: Temperature is too low!")
elif current_temp > max_temp:
    print("Warning: Temperature is too high!")
else:
    print("Temperature is within the safe range.")

Explanation of the Code#

The condition current_temp < min_temp checks if the temperature is below the safe range.
The elif condition current_temp > max_temp checks if the temperature exceeds the safe range.
The else block handles the case where the temperature is within the safe range.

Note: Only one block is executed per if-else structure.

🔄 `if-elif-else` for Multiple Conditions#

In HVAC systems, different conditions might require distinct actions. Let’s expand the logic:

If the temperature is too low, turn on the heater.
If the temperature is too high, turn on the cooler.
Otherwise, maintain the current settings.

# Adjust HVAC settings based on temperature
if current_temp < min_temp:
    action = "Turn on the heater."
elif current_temp > max_temp:
    action = "Turn on the cooler."
else:
    action = "Maintain current settings."

print("HVAC Action:", action)

Key Points#

Multiple conditions are handled using elif.
Only the first True condition’s block is executed.
An else block is optional but recommended for default behavior.

📉 Using Nested `if` Statements#

Nested if statements allow for more complex logic. For example: Check both temperature and humidity.

# Humidity limits
min_humidity = 30  # Minimum safe humidity in %
max_humidity = 60  # Maximum safe humidity in %

# Current humidity
current_humidity = 65

# Check temperature and humidity
if current_temp < min_temp or current_temp > max_temp:
    if current_humidity < min_humidity or current_humidity > max_humidity:
        print("Alert: Both temperature and humidity are out of range!")
    else:
        print("Alert: Temperature is out of range!")
else:
    if current_humidity < min_humidity or current_humidity > max_humidity:
        print("Alert: Humidity is out of range!")
    else:
        print("Both temperature and humidity are within safe ranges.")

Nested `if` Structure#

The second if inside the first handles humidity only when temperature is out of range.
Use nested logic sparingly to avoid overly complex code.

🚦 Practical Applications#

Example: Automatically generate alerts for HVAC operators based on sensor data.

# Define function for HVAC monitoring
def hvac_monitor(temp, humidity):
    if temp < min_temp or temp > max_temp:
        if humidity < min_humidity or humidity > max_humidity:
            return "Critical Alert: Adjust temperature and humidity!"
        return "Alert: Adjust temperature!"
    elif humidity < min_humidity or humidity > max_humidity:
        return "Alert: Adjust humidity!"
    return "All systems nominal."

# Test function
print(hvac_monitor(25, 70))  # Example of high temperature and humidity
print(hvac_monitor(20, 40))  # Example of nominal conditions

🔍 Advanced Techniques: Ternary Operator#

Simplify simple if-else statements with a one-liner:

action = "Heater ON" if current_temp < min_temp else "Heater OFF"

Example: Check if energy-saving mode is required.

# Energy-saving mode
energy_saving = True if current_temp >= 20 and current_temp <= 22 else False
print("Energy-saving mode enabled:", energy_saving)

🌐 Scaling Up: Integrating with IoT#

Combine Python’s decision-making with IoT for real-time monitoring:

Receive live sensor data via APIs.
Process data using if-else logic.
Send alerts or control signals to actuators.

🎉 Key Takeaways#

if-else enables decision-making in Python, critical for engineering systems.
Use if-elif-else for handling multiple conditions.
Nested if allows for detailed checks, such as temperature and humidity monitoring.
Simplify logic when possible with ternary operators.
Integrate with IoT systems for dynamic, real-world applications.

🚀 Build smarter HVAC systems with Python decision-making!

📝 🔧🌐 Decision-Making with if-else Statements in Python

Contents

📝 🔧🌐 Decision-Making with if-else Statements in Python#